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Arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the reasons for the establishment of diseases, diagnosis and treatment.

According to world statistics, the diseases of the cardiovascular system are primarily among all the reasons for death.

Arterial Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the blood circulation system, which serves the development of blood vessels like other heart disease and blood vessels, chronic heart failure, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.

Arterial hypertension is a continuous increase in systolic (upper) blood pressure above 140 mm HG.The art.and / or diastolic (low) 90 mm hg up.The art.According to the European Cardiologists Society, the European Cardiologists Society, the criterion of the house of 135/85 mm HG of the house is taken to measure the pressure of the house.The art.And above.

Basic symptoms accompanying blood pressure include headaches, nausea, nausea, ears, seat, visual sharpness, irritation and sweating.

Sometimes the increase in blood pressure can be asymptomatic.In this case, blood pressure control is required.

Types of arterial hypertension

Before talking about increasing blood pressure (blood pressure), it should be understood how to normalize the pressure.The values of blood pressure for each person are individual.However, there is usually a blood pressure classification.

  • Systolic blood pressure is optimal to be less than 120 mm.The art.And diastolic blood pressure is less than 80 mm.The art. 
  • It is normal that upper blood pressure values are between 120 and 129, 80 to 84 mm from 84 mm.The art.
  • The upper blood pressure values are highly normal to 130 percent to 139 mm hg.The art.The lower ones in the interval are 85 to 89 mm hg.The art.

Arterial hypertension is divided by degrees depending on the maximum values of pressure.

1st grade systolic blood pressure 140-159 mm Hg.The art.and / or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mm Hg.The art.

2nd grade systolic blood pressure 160-179 mm Hg.The art.and / or diastolic blood pressure 100-109 mm Hg.The art.

3rd grade systolic blood pressure 180 and more mm hg.The art.and / or diastolic blood pressure 110 and more mm Hg.The art.

Only a separate isolated arterial hypertension when systolic blood pressure increases more than 140 mm.St and diastolic remain in normal values.

Causes of increased blood pressure

Most of high-pressure patients are believed to suffer Primitive Arterial hypertension that cannot be associated with special reasons.This is such an important arterial hypertension that occurs more than the more age patients.

In other cases, when a particular reason for pressure is found, it can be said middle Arterial hypertension.

The second-class arterial differs between the main reasons leading to hypertension:

  1. Kidneys and blood vessels.These pathologies cause the reduction in blood flow in kidneys and eventually increase blood pressure and increase the buds of substances that provide compensation for the blood flow.Chronic kidney disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, UrithiaSis - These diseases can cause development of arterial hypertension.Among the diseases of the blood vessels, the contraction of kidney arteries (contractions) is mostly noted, which can be congenital pathological or may occur with atherosclerosis in maturity. 
    2. Reduce blood flow due to atherosclerosis
  2. Differently Endocrine Diseases causes arterial hypertension and other related symptoms.For example, the production of thyroid hormones with thyroid hormones is accompanied by a goat (a growth of gland), systolic blood pressure, heartbeat, increased excitement and body weight.The products of thyroid hormones are reduced by hypothyroidism.Pathologies are accompanied by the relaxation and impairment of smooth muscle cells of smooth muscle cells, which lead to an increase in blood vessels peripheral resistance.This helps to increase blood pressure.Such patients are characterized by the increase in diastolic blood pressure, pulse, weakness and rapid fatigue.With PheoChromocitoma (adrenal glands), the release of Katecholamin (adrenaline, norepinephrine) is becoming a blood that causes blood pressure into very high values.Arterial Hypertension is often the satellite of fat.Fat tissue cells (adipocytees) produce biologically active ingredients that affect the entire body in a whole and, especially in ships.In addition, the "additional" piece should also be a blood supply, which leads to an additional load in the cardiovascular system. 
  3. Differently Heart disease and blood vessels They can cause high arterial pressure.For example, the aortic Loarcation is a local narrow of aortic lumen from more congenital pathology;Atherosclerotic contraction of ships. 
  4. Pregnancy (Preeklampsi). 
  5. Arterial hypertension while taking some the drugs: Oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids, glucocorticosteroids, antidepressants.

The development of the arterial hypertension should be remembered: hereditary tendency, long-term stress, excessive physical activity, smoking, alcohol abuse and coffee, large amounts of salt and fat consumption.

What diseases do arterial hypertension occur?

Arterial hypertension is divided by degrees depending on the maximum values of pressure.

We will show some of some of them.

  • Atherosclerosis, including kidney arteries. 
  • The lesion of kidney ships (squeezing with trombosis, embolism, narrowing, a tumor or body of kidneys). 
  • Chronic pyelonephritis. 
  • Chronic glomerulonephritis. 
  • Chronic kidney disease. 
  • Thyroid diseases (hypo and hypertyroidism). 
  • Izenko-cushing disease and syndrome. 
  • Feochromositoma. 
  • Preliminary hyperaldosteronism.
  • Metabolic syndrome. 
  • The flutter of the aorta. 
  • Preeklampsi.

Which doctors will contact when increasing blood pressure?

To determine the reasons for increased pressure, you must first contact the therapist.The doctor will examine and determine the required amount of exams and consultations of specialists.Can be among them:

  • Cardiologist; 
  • endocrinologist; 
  • neurologist; 
  • Surgeon; 
  • ophthalmologist.

Diagnosis and examination with increased blood pressure

First of all, the blood pressure in the house is to protect a diary, maintaining a diary, all measurements of the period, drug and stress episodes, which can increase blood pressure to accept stress episodes.

All patients in the first stage of the exam are conducted by the following laboratory studies:

  • Clinical blood testing;
  • General urinary analysis;
  • Biochemical Blood Test (Cholesterol Control; Lipoproteins are very low; atherosclerosis, blood electrolytes - high density to estimate the risk of potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium; creatine levels);
  • Blood test for glycated hemoglobin levels; 
  • Blood test for the content of hormones (TH4 - T4; Triodotion - T3; thyreotropic hormone - TSH; thyroid -perocidase antibodies; thyroidoglobuline antibodies).

If necessary, the doctor can determine the methods of laboratory and instrumental examination:

  • Daily monitoring of blood pressure; 
  • Electrocardiographic research; 
  • Echocardiography; 
  • Golter Daily Monitoring; 
  • Duplex scan of bruchiozez, 
  • The veins of kidney / iliac and lamp; 
  • Ultrasound study of kidneys and adrenal glands; 
  • The study of the eye.

Treatment of arterial hypertension

The arterial hypertension is a disease, depends on many developing factors, and therefore the first recommendation in the correction of high blood pressure is a change in the first recommendation.

First, they make changes to the diet: restrict consumption of canned and finished products, sauces and mayonnaise and gradually reduce the amount of salt added to food.

Must have fresh vegetables, fruit and dairy products in the menu).Alcohol and smoking should also be limited.

A diet is already used with the presence of the lack of body weight and reflection instructions.Regular average physical force in at least half an hour a day helps normalize the vascular tone.

We should not expect a speedy effect from diet and physical education.However, these actions that can play a positive role in the beginning of the disease.

Depending on the scene of the disease and the degree, medicinal therapy is determined.Several drugs are used in the treatment of arterial hypertension in clinical practice:

  • Diuretics (diuretics); 
  • beta-blockers; 
  • Calcium channel antagonists; 
  • Angiotenzinzinoproding enzyme (IAC) inhibitors; 
  • Anatagunists of Angiotens II receptor; 
  • Central drugs.

Doctor determines an individual mode of treatment in the development of the disease and the protection of the disease.Therapy, selected by the participating doctor, the permanent use and lifestyle change will help normalize blood pressure.

What do you need to do with high blood pressure?

Pressure should not be reduced quickly: In the first two hours when it helps, blood pressure should not exceed 20% at the initial high level.

When the blood pressure increases moderately, but you should try to sleep with a common well (no other symptom), fall asleep or sleep with closed eyes.If the pressure remains high after rest, the medications that are participating in the participating doctor should be taken.

The increase in blood pressure is severe headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, visual impairment, pain, a heartbreak or vomiting, the ambulance should be caused.